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Defining and Classifying Luxation Injuries

Jean-Paul Schatz, DMD

Learning Objectives:  

This video reviews the various types of and treatment modalities for dentoalveolar traumatic injuries. Upon watching this video, the viewer should:

  • Demonstrate an understanding of individual hard and periodontal tissue injuries
  • Have an awareness of the various modes of periodontal healing

Luxation traumatic injuries affect the hard tissues and may involve periodontal tissues in severe cases. Periodontal healing must be considered during treatment of traumatic injuries that result in total luxation of the teeth. Pulpal healing is essential for the endodontic prognosis of a reimplanted tooth, as well as for its periodontal healing. Luxation injuries can be further classified as intrusive, extrusive, and/or lateral; this categorization further facilitates the mode of splinting and repositioning utilized during treatment. This video reviews various types of dento-alveolar traumatic injuries and discusses commonly incorporated treatment modalities. 

*Clinical professor, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Related Reading: 

  1. Andreasen JO. Traumatic Injuries of the Teeth. 2nd ed. Copenhagen, Denmark: Munksgaard Publishers, 1981.  
  2. Andreasen JO. Luxation of permanent teeth due to trauma. A clinical and radiographic follow-up study of 189 injured teeth. Scand J Dent Res 1970;78(3):273-286.    
  3. Andreasen JO. Etiology and pathogenesis of traumatic dental injuries. A clinical study of 1,298 cases. Scand J Dent Res 1970;78(4):329-342.        
  4. Ravn JJ. Dental injuries in Copenhagen school children, school years 1967-1972. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol 1974;2:231-245.   
  5. O'Neil DW, Clark MV, Lowe JW, Harrington MS. Oral trauma in children: A hospital survey. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1989;68(6):691-696.           
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  9. Andreasen JO, Ravn JJ. Epidemiology of traumatic dental injuries to primary and permanent teeth in a Danish population sample. Int J Oral Surg 1972;1(5):235-239.        
  10. HedegŒrd B, StŒlhane I. A study of traumatized permanent teeth in children aged 7-15 years. Part I. Swed Dent J 1973;66:431-450.       
  11. Johnson JE. Causes of accidental injuries to the teeth and jaws. J Publ Hlth Dent 1975;35(2):123-131.    
  12. StŒlhane I, HedegŒrd B. Traumatized permanent teeth in children aged 7-15 years. Part 2. Swed Dent J 1975;68:157-169.       
  13. Andreasen JO, Hjšrting-Hansen E. Replantation of teeth I. Radiographic and clinical study of 110 human teeth replanted after accidental loss. Acta Odontol Scand 1966;24(3):263-286.     
  14. Andreasen JO. The effect of splinting upon periodontal healing after replantation of permanent incisors in monkeys. Acta Odontol Scand 1975;33:313-323.    
  15. Andreasen JO. Effect of extra-alveolar period and storage media upon periodontal and pulpal healing after replantation of mature permanent incisors in monkeys. Int J Oral Surg 1981;10(1):43-53.  
  16. Andreasen JO. The effect of pulp extirpation or root canal treatment upon periodontal healing after replantation of permanent incisors in monkeys. J Endod 1981;7(6):245-252.          
  17. Skoglund A. Pulp reactions in reimplanted and autotransplanted teeth of dogs. [thesis]. Malmš, Sweden, 1980.  
  18. Skoglund A, Tronstad L, Wallenius K. A microangiographic study of vascular changes in replanted and autotransplanted teeth of young dogs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1978;45(1):17-28.
  19. Breivik M. Human odontoblast response to tooth replantation. Eur J Orthod 1981;3(2):95-108.    
  20. Kristerson L. Autotransplantation of human premolars. A clinical and radiographic study of 100 teeth. Int J Oral Surg 1985;14(2):200-213.          
  21. Thman A. Healing and sensitivity to pain in young replanted human teeth. An experimental, clinical, and histological study. [thesis]. Goteborg, Sweden, 1965.          
  22. Andreasen JO. Periodontal healing after replantation and autotransplantation of permanent incisors. Int J Oral Surg 1981;10:54-61.      
  23. Blomlšf L, Andersson L, Landskog S, et al. Periodontal healing of replanted monkey teeth prevented from drying. Acta Odontol Scand 1983;41:117-123.        
  24. Andreasen JO. Analysis of pathogenesis and topography of replacement root resorption (ankylosis) after replantation of mature permanent incisors in monkeys. Swed Dent J 1980;4(6):231-240.   
  25. Andreasen JO, Kristerson I. The effect of limited drying or removal of the periodontal ligament upon periodontal healing after replantation of mature permanent incisors in monkeys. Acta Odontol Scand 1981;39:1-13.           
  26. Sšder PO, Otteskog P, Andreasen JO, ModŽer T. Effect of drying on viability of periodontal membrane. Scand J Dent Res 1977;85(3):164-168.         
  27. Kling M, Cvek M, Mejare J. Rate and predictability of pulp revascularization in therapeutically reimplanted permanent incisors. Endod Dent Traumatol 1986;2(3):83-89.          
  28. Cvek M, Cleaton-Jones P, Austin J, et al. Pulp revascularization in reimplanted immature monkey incisors - Predictability and the effect of antibiotic systemic prophylaxis. Endod Dent Traumatol 1990;6(4):157-169.        
  29. Andreasen FM, Pedersen BV. Prognosis of luxated permanent teeth - The development of pulp necrosis. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985;1(6):207-220.  
  30. Andersson L, Lindskog S, Blomlšf L, et al. Effect of masticatory stimulation on dentoalveolar ankylosis after experimental tooth replantation. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985;1(1):13-16.      
  31. Mandel U, Viidik A. Effect of splinting on the mechanical and histological properties of the healing periodontal ligament in the Vervet Monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops). Arch Oral Biol 1989;34(3):209-217.          
  32. Malmgren O, Goldson L, Hill C, et al. Root resorption after orthodontic treatment of traumatized teeth. Am J Orthod 1982;82(6):187-191.
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